I'm assuming your initial hold period was based on a "new account" exception hold. Any hold you impose right now would be based on the facts and circumstances surrounding the transaction, not a reference to specific law or regulation.
In your shoes, I would call the customer and ask "What's the deal?" Depending on what explanation is offered, I might then call the issuer of the check.
Please don't misunderstand, I am not saying I would not put on a meaningful hold (perhaps based on reasonable cause to doubt collectibility) I would just gather all the information I could first.
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In this world you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant. Well, for years I was smart. I recommend pleasant.