A minor's ability to contract is a function of state law. Many states have laws that allow minors to open a bank account and create an enforceable contract. So, you might be empowered to sue the 13 year old, unless of course he was just negligent in his use of the card, something Reg E would readily excuse.
Your bank is empowered to create its own policies and denying minors access to debit cards is pretty common. Giving the kid a stored value card makes a lot more sense.
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In this world you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant. Well, for years I was smart. I recommend pleasant.