In an uncomplicated sense, the easiest way to look at HMDA decisioning is the first decision that is made sticks. If the applicant withdraws before the lender makes a decision, then it would be a withdrawal. If the lender's decision comes first then, depending on the circumstances, the loan would be either a denial or an approval.
On the approval side, the ultimate decision can go two ways. If the loan closes, it would be a closed loan. If it does not close, it would be approved, not accepted by customer.
In the case of incomplete information, it's a bit finer line. We use the guidelines that if the applicant has not provided you with enough information to make a decision, you request what you need and give them a 15 day letter. (E. g. an application without enough information to pull a credit bureau.)
If the applicant has given you information to make a decision (decline), but you need additional information to get the loan approved, then you have the decline for incomplete information adverse action like Dave mentioned.
Because of the uniquenesses of each loan application, customer, product and underwriter, the HMDA decision codes probably cause the most contraversey of any regulation. One of the most important things however is consistancy once you feel comfortable with the decision process.
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Integrity. With it, nothing else matters. Without it, nothing else matters.