Is there anything in the guidelines from Visa or the Fed that states a FI can't charge a fee for foreign customers who use our ATM a fee for balance inquiries or transfers? I clearly understand a withdrawal is a transaction you can charge for, but was not sure about the others.

VISA/MasterCard prohibit surcharges for any ATM transactions on international cards, but your processor would have this programmed based on BIN. There is no VISA/MC prohibition on domestic (US issued) cards. To comply with Reg E, the same disclosure and cardholder opt-out requirements apply to balance inquiries and withdrawals.

See Reg E Section 205.16