I think I didn't quite make myself clear on my OP--so I'll try to simplify my question: If an escrow account is -0- or negative balance, under what circumstances can the bank force-place hazard insurance? The negative balance in the escrow account was caused when the customer failed to make the mortgage payment, which would have included hazard insurance and taxes. Also, if RESPA only applies to consumer purpose mortgages, is it ok to force place hazard insurance in a situation as described above if the loan is business/commercial?